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Home Be.U Blog Regenerative and Functional Medicine Knee treatment
Knee treatment
Regenerative and Functional Medicine · 2025-07-30

                  Repair and Regeneration of the Locomotor System: Regaining the Joy of "Walking Freely"



Osteoarthritis (OA), osteoporosis, and intervertebral disc degeneration are common degenerative diseases of the locomotor system. Stem cell therapy, particularly MSCs, has emerged as a significant treatment approach in this field due to its potential to differentiate into chondrocytes and osteoblasts, as well as its potent anti-inflammatory and tissue repair capabilities.


Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)


Stem cells are a special group of cells that play a crucial role in living organisms. They are the "originating cells" of the body, possessing the unique ability to differentiate into multiple types of cells and playing a central role in tissue repair and regeneration.


Stem cell therapy is a cutting-edge regenerative medicine technology that achieves disease treatment, prevention, and anti-aging through highly personalized and refined medical processes. Among them, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with their potent differentiation and replacement capabilities and anti-inflammatory functions, can differentiate into damaged or missing cell types under the guidance of specific microenvironment signals, directly replacing dead or dysfunctional cells, and releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines to effectively reduce inflammation.


Compared to the long cycle of extraction, cultivation, and reinfusion of autologous stem cells, with the updating and iteration of medical technology, the cultivation technology of allogeneic stem cells (especially MSCs) has achieved clinical treatment effects with abundant cell sources, higher cell activity, and low immune risks, making it a superior choice.


Treatment mechanism


  • Cartilage Regeneration and Protection: In the treatment of knee joints, MSCs can differentiate into chondrocytes to repair damaged articular cartilage; simultaneously, through paracrine action, they inhibit the activity of cartilage matrix degrading enzymes, secrete growth factors to promote chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis, and alleviate inflammatory reactions.

  • Promoting osteogenesis and bone regeneration: In cases of osteoporosis or bone defects, MSCs can differentiate into osteoblasts, facilitating new bone formation; the angiogenic factors they secrete also aid in the reconstruction and repair of blood supply in bone tissue.

  • Intervertebral disc repair: MSCs may delay the degeneration process of intervertebral discs by differentiating into nucleus pulposus-like cells, inhibiting inflammation, and promoting the synthesis of extracellular matrix.


Clinical research progress


A systematic review of MSC injection therapy for osteoarthritis revealed that 97.7% of reports indicated improvement in joint function in the MSC treatment group during follow-up, and imaging assessments also showed improvements in the joint structures of patients. A single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial focusing on moderate knee osteoarthritis evaluated the safety and efficacy of intra-articular injection of allogeneic stem cells (MSCs), showing a positive trend of improvement. Studies on bone defects and non-union fractures have demonstrated that the combination of MSCs and scaffold materials is safe and effective for treating bone defects, with all cases exhibiting bone healing and superior outcomes compared to standard treatment.



Li, C., Zhao, H., Cheng, L., & Wang, B. (2021). Allogeneic vs. autologous mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in their medication practice. Cell & bioscience, 11, 1-21.
Fares, M. Y., Shehade, T. H., Daher, M., Boufadel, P., Koa, J., & Abboud, J. A. (2024). Mesenchymal stem cell injections for the treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic review of clinical trials. Acta Orthop. Belg, 90, 319-333.
 Freitag, J., Chamberlain, M., Wickham, J., Shah, K., Cicuttini, F., Wang, Y., ... & Wickramasinghe, I. (2024). Safety and efficacy of an allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell preparation in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A Phase I/IIa randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open, 6(3), 100500.
Theodosaki, A. M., Tzemi, M., Galanis, N., Bakopoulou, A., Kotsiomiti, E., Aggelidou, E., & Kritis, A. (2024). Bone regeneration with mesenchymal stem cells in scaffolds: systematic review of human clinical trials. Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, 20(4), 938-966.